เข้าร่วม: 14 Feb 2014
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โพสเมื่อ: Sat Nov 28, 2015 3:33 pm
[RE: คิด แบบ critical thinking คือยังไงครับ]
--Six rules of critical thinking
จาก Blog ของคุณ "piangdin" อ่านแล้วสามารถเข้าใจได้ง่ายดี ขออนุญาตโพส เผื่อเป็นประโยชน์กับหลายคน
--Six rules of critical thinking
Adapted from: Shiraev, E. B. & Boyd, G. L.(2001). The Accent of Success: A Practical Guide for International Students. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
1. Know the differences between facts and opinions. They note that facts are supposed to be neutral. In that light, they strongly advise us to consider the source of the information very carefully.
2. "They are many colors in the rainbow." They suggest that people tend to generalize or categorize what they experience into something that may not represent all the details well. When we decide about one given issue or try to make a conclusion about a given event, they encourage us to consider all the relevant factors.
3. Emotions should not judge Facts. In a city where abortion is a hot issue during an election, stirred by the media, the people may not actually vote for a candidate mainly because of the candidate's policy on abortion! "Sometimes single facts may cause various emotions or speedy assessments. A more detailed analysis may suggest different interpretations."
4. "Naming something is not explaining it." Do accidents occur because of "aggressive driving"? or Do people donate money to charity because they "want to help others"?" The "aggressive driving" and "want to help others" are the phrases that seem clear and may be used by many people or in the media as if they are complete in themselves. Think about a person driving fast because he is in a hurry. Think about a person who is driving with fatigue. Also, think about people who give money to charity because they want to get tax exempt in return and those who want to be recognized by the people in the society, or those who want the community to vote for his party, etc.
5. A link between two events does not mean that one event is causing the other one. If a study reports that people in the neighborhood where there are more trees have a lower rate of lung cancer, is it justifiable to say that trees reduce lung cancer? What if people in neighborhood with fewer trees smoke more heavily and what if they also live near factories? Whether the lower number of trees causes lung cancer is thus problematic!
6. When you explain why certain things happen, think about many causes. A car accident that happened to a person may be simply said to have been caused by careless driving, but after we consider all the relevant factors we may find other factors. The light might have been dim. The car break might have been damaged. Your friend might have been driving for too long. The road might have been slippery. Examining multiple perspectives thus can a useful technique for critical thinker.
